Abstract
This article reviews the principles of dialysis and explores ways to enhance its effectiveness. Dialysis is a process that assists patients with kidney failure and is performed using an artificial kidney machine. The article provides detailed information about the key components of hemodialysis, including blood vessels, dialyzers, and dialysis solutions. It also examines advanced technologies, new dialysis solutions, innovative dialyzers, and portable home systems designed to improve the efficiency of dialysis machines and enhance patient convenience. Additionally, the article discusses potential improvements in dialysis technologies, focusing on the role of biomaterials and gene therapy. This study aims to identify new opportunities to increase the effectiveness of dialysis treatment and improve the quality of life for patients.